The Importance of Having Health Insurance Free Essay Example, 1750 words

But an additional cost is also imposed by the companies for such an option to be availed. On the other hand major medical insurance is a type of insurance in which the company guarantees to pay the expenses which are not even covered by the basic health insurance. In other words where basic health insurance fails to cope up, the major medical insurance takes over. In such type of insurance the coverage provided is not complete but on the other hand coinsurance payments and deductibles are provided. These coinsurance payments and deductibles help to lower the expenses of the policy holder. However certain conditions may be levied while these incentives are provided. For example the payment of services beyond basic health insurance would be lowered down to 20% of the whole cost whereas the rest 80 would be covered by the company itself. Moreover such a policy also includes the stop-loss provision which would make sure that the policyholder does not have to pay after reaching a certain limit. After reaching this limit the company would be liable to pay the total expenses. This shows that each different health insurance policy has its own plus points. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Having Health Insurance or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now A closer understanding of these health insurance methods can clearly tell a person which health insurance plan suits them the most and which plan to opt for. These plans relieve the financial burden that a person might fact when he may be exposed to sudden medical issues. Health insurance has also been taken up as an important part of governments. The governments to ensure the well being of the citizens have introduced many plans with regard to their health care. The health insurance plans of the government of United States will help to have a closer analysis and understanding of the importance of health insurance. The government sponsored plans in the United States can be divided into two categories, firstly the state plans and secondly the federal plans. The state plans are for work related mishaps and illness of the workers as per the state workers compensation law. And federal plans include schemes such as Medicare and Medicaid. The workers comp ensation was seen as a necessity in the early 1900s during the time in which the number of workers rose to a great extent. As work related accidents were more common in those days it was seen as a necessity by the government to introduce such plans. These laws come under the jurisdiction of states and thus it depends on the states solely as to which workers are provided with such insurance.

The Patriot Act The Laws Of Our Country - 2611 Words

The USA PATRIOT Act The laws of our country are very important to us and are what makes us unique from other nations. When something like the USA PATRIOT Act is passed, this law interferes with the privacy of citizens and contradicts our constitutional rights. The USA PATRIOT Act is one of the laws that has ignited a heated debate as many people criticize its abuse in implementation. The PATRIOT Act launched in 2001 as a reaction to the increased stress of terrorism attacks. The main purpose of the deed was to intercept the obstacles that made the process of detecting terrorist attacks difficult and slow. The Act gave the FBI the right to make urgent searches and arrests without having any arrest warrant or even a court order. This was to facilitate speedy action against suspects of terrorist acts. It is clear that the PATRIOT Act paved way for abuse of citizens’ rights of privacy and this was a full disregard for the constitution. The PATRIOT Act was launched in 2001 in the wake of terrorism as a way of aiding the government to respond promptly to the terrorist attacks. One of the provisions of the Act is that the FBI could conduct investigations with delayed search warrants and wiretap communications without the consent of the public. This allowed the FBI to view the houses of people they suspected to be involved with terrorism, investigate their bank accounts without even informing them prior to the deed. In summation, they could request for the information ofShow MoreRelated The Patriot Act Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patriot Act After the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 our country underwent a change that has drastically affected the fundamental values that our founding fathers instilled in this country. Since that tragic day in September the aftermath of the attacks has started to implicate our Civil Liberties that in this country we hold so dear. Just 45 days after the September 11 attacks, with virtually no debate, Congress passed the USA Patriot Act on October 5th, 2001. This act expandedRead MorePrison1287 Words   |  6 PagesUSA Patriot Act (2001) University of phoenix Legal issues in justice and security AJS 522 Kim Tandy July 15, 2013 USA Patriot Act (2001) On September 11, 2001 19 Al-Queda members attacked New York and Washington D.C. by hijacking four passenger airliners. Two of the airplanes American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines 175 were crashed into the north and south towers of the World Trade Centers in New York City. American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon which collapsed theRead MoreThe Patriot Act; Agree of Disagree877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Patriot Act: Agree or Disagree Amanda Collier ENG/215 August 27, 2012 Bruce Massis The Patriot Act: Agree or Disagree President George W. Bush signed into law on October 26, 2001 The USA PATRIOT Act. The title of the Act is a letter acronym: Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (PUBLIC LAW 107–56—OCT. 26, 2001) This Act was written to prevent and punish terrorist acts here in the United States as wellRead MoreUsa Patriot Act Of 2001917 Words   |  4 PagesUSA Patriot Act of 2001 In 2001, George W. Bush signed a law to provided tools to catch and prevent terrorism. It was called the USA Patriot Act of 2001. It was George W. Bush’s response to the terrorist attack that took place in September 11, 2001 in New York and Pentagon. The Law ensured security and safety for the citizens but it also violated individual right. The law took a lot of criticism because it violated constitutional right, and it created problems between individual right perspectiveRead More The War on Terrorism is an Attack on American Civil Liberties835 Words   |  4 PagesAttack on American Civil Liberties After the attacks on 9/11 our country has been forced to confront the issue of terrorism.   The war on terrorism has ignited a war on our civil liberties.   Our civil liberties have been affected by the passing of the Patriot Act, the violation of privacy, and an increase in racial profiling. Civil liberties have been affected immensely by the Patriot Act.   A brief definition of the Patriot Act is; uniting and strengthening America by providing appropriate toolsRead MoreThe Patriot Act Of 2001 Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pageseye our lives in America changed forever. We were attacked, on our own soil, not once, but four times. That fourth plane didn’t make it to its destination, thanks to the brave souls aboard that sacrificed their lives to save others. On that fateful day 2,753(NYmag) families would never be the same, as well as the rest of us that watch in disbelief. The attacks on September 11th 2001 led to something called the Patriot Act. In the days after 9/11 Congress hurried to pass a bill to give law-enforcementRead MoreThe Hijacked American Airlines Flight 111459 Words   |  6 Pages9/11, Attorney General Ashcroft gave instructions to a dozen of law makers and advisors on his staff to research a new antiterrorism law package. Assistant Attorney Ge neral Viet Dinh told the group that â€Å"all that is necessary for law enforcement, within the bounds of the constitution, to discharge the obligation to fight this war on terror.† The result would be the Patriot Act. (Stefoff, 2011 p. 13) What is the Patriot Act? The Patriot Act was passed to unite and strengthen America by providing appropriateRead More The Patriot Act Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Patriot Act In the wake of September 11, many things happened very quickly. Along with the beginning of a war against terrorism, an act was passed to help prevent future terrorism in the USA. The name of this is the USA Patriot Act. The act legalizes many surveillance techniques that were once prohibited. The act has been passed without debate, and the new privileges given to our government have not been thoroughly examined. The law enforcers of our country are now capable of monitoringRead MoreThe Patriot Act And The United States1376 Words   |  6 Pageshappening again. Consequently, an act known as the USA PATRIOT act was passed by Congress. This act opened up many doors previously closed to law enforcement and intelligence agencies. With these new opportunities available to them, they have the capability to obtain information about specific individuals believed to be involved in terrorist activities and organizations. Very beneficial to the United States, the Patriot Act provides easi er access for different government law enforcement agencies to shareRead MoreImpact of the Usa Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement1282 Words   |  6 PagesUSA Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement Teddilane Turner PSF8200 Advanced Research in Public Safety Issues, Theory, and Concepts This paper presents the topic selected for the final Public Safety Case Analysis Project, an overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law enforcement, and the potential for net widening. Congress reacted to the violation to our country on September 11, 2001 by passing the USA Patriot Act into law on October 26, 2001. (USA Patriot Act, 2001)

Theory of Communication Free Essays

Case Study Theory of Communication Introduction to Communication Good communication and interpersonal skills are vital for success in business. The ability to communicate clearly and persuasively is often seen as the key characteristic of the effective manager or administrator. High level communication skills are also essential in specialised functions, such as marketing, human resource management, public relations and secretarial. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Communication is the means by which individual employees convey their wants, ideas and feelings to others,( not only managers or specialists). Process of Communication Context Medium/Channel Message Feedback Noise Communication can be defined as the process by which, ideas, information, opinions, attitude, and feeling are conveyed from one person to another. The communicator or sender is the person who initiates the conversation by sending a message. The receiver is the person who receives the messages and completes the communication by responding to it. Most communication is two way and has to have both a sender and receiver, either face to face or by other means such as telephone, letters, e-mails etc. Body language also plays a big part in communication. Sender Encoding Receiver Decoding Communication codes * Written language * Spoken language * Dress * Body language * Pictures, photographs and graphic illustrations. * Sign language, Braille. * Numbers * Computer language Communication Medium The medium is the means used to transmit the message. Media can be categorised into five headings; written, oral, visual, electronic and mass. Written media can provide a written record, can relay complex information, can be carefully thought out and mistakes can be edited. It takes time to produce and is more impersonal than speech. * Letter * Report * Memo * Press Release * Company magazine Advertising leaflet Oral media is more direct and personal, feedback is immediate. Oral media can be supported by body language. But there may be no record of what is said and if you say something you don’t mean you cannot take it back. * Conversation face to face or telephone * Interview * Meeting * Presentation * Oral briefing Visual media can have an immediate im pact, it can support verbal presentations. * Nonverbal * Diagrams * Charts * Photographs * Models Electronic media provides fast communication over long distance, can carry both verbal and visual information. * Video * Telephone * E-mail * Internet Mass media is an important source of information; it can reach a large number of people and can be used for advertising. * Television * Radio * Press * Film Channels of Communication The channel is the air that carries sound waves between speaker and listener such as: * Television channels * Radio * Postal system * Computer networks * Courier services * Telephone Barriers to Communication Effective communication is difficult and mistakes are often made. We see this in everyday life, we complain when someone doesn’t respond to our messages in the way we expect, they do not understand what we really meant to say. In business, difficulties with communication can cause disruption. Good business opportunities can be lost or disastrous management decisions made. A serious breakdown in communication can put the very future of a company at risk. Communication errors can never be completely eliminated. Nevertheless, we are likely to be more successful communicators if we are aware of the factors that cause communication to fail. Some obstacles stand in the way of communication and some of these can be avoided or overcome. Physical Barriers Among these barriers are poor hearing or eyesight, illness, tiredness, or stress. Other barriers can be, distractions such as an office that is too warm or too cold, uncomfortable seating, poor telephone connection or the noise of traffic heard from outside. If a person has a medical problem this may be sorted by a visit to a doctor. If the office is too hot or too cold the thermostat may be altered and maybe closing the window would help to block out the noise. Language Barriers To convey a message correctly it should be written clearly in a language that the receiver will understand. Mistakes in spelling can harm communication. Sometimes local jargon can disrupt good communication; it may be acceptable in a specialised trade or profession. Slang or local accents may be difficult for outsiders to understand. Nonverbal Barriers Facial expression, posture and eye movement all reveal our feelings and attitudes to the receiver. When there is conflict between a verbal and non verbal signal, it is the nonverbal signal that tends to be believed. A person may say that they are outgoing and confident but this might be contradicted by nervous body language. Poor Listening Good listening is often the most important part of communication. Listening give us a better understanding of the other persons point of view, maintains friendships and helps business collaboration. When not listening properly, we often miss an important point in a conversation. Problems with Perception Perception is how we make sense of ourselves and the world around us. We perceive the world through the senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. We also have some physiological based perceptions such as sensation of pain, heat, cold etc. We have mental perceptions such as thoughts, daydreams and fantasies. The brain registers these different stimuli and organises them into shapes and patterns that we can understand. Mistakes can arise if we think other people perceive things the same way that we do ourselves. Often they don’t and this is a common cause of communication failure. Attitudinal Barriers Stereotyping, prejudice and unwanted attribution are among the attitudinal barriers that can do the most damage to our ability to our ability to relate effectively to others. * Stereotyping: We stereotype other people when we assume they will behave in a certain way just because of their appearance, role or a particular social group. We may be surprised to find that conservatively dressed people have radical views or that the big person wearing a studded jacket and driving a Harley Davidson turns out to be as gentle as a lamb. Judging by appearance gives an incomplete and often distorted picture of what a person is really like. * Prejudice: Prejudice is an attitude of hostility based on faulty generalisations, such as stereotypes. It may be directed at individuals or groups. Prejudice can be damaging to communications if a person believes that another person is inferior, subversive, threatening, not fully part of the community and so on. If we consider another person less than ourselves, we are unlikely to value what they have to say. Prejudice is often a part of ignorance but maybe better education will improve this. * Attribution:Even when we avoid stereotyping, we still make the mistake of judging people on flimsy evidence. We should not listen to what other people say, this can sometimes be misleading. Having an accurate picture of people is vital for effective communication, but it is something that can only be built up slowly through time, insight and regular contact. The Principles of Effective Communication As a Communicator 1. Think carefully about your objectives before communicating. What do you want to achieve? Do you want to inform, persuade, advise or consult the receiver? What kind of response do you hope to get? When you have answered questions like these then you can think about the content of the message and how you define it. 2. Put yourself in the communicator’s shoes. The receiver’s perception may not be the same as yours. They may think differently or have different opinions. You may need to communicate with tact and sensitivity. 3. Choose the right medium or combination of media. Difficulties can arise if the wrong medium is used. If you try to describe a complicated process by speech alone the audience may not understand it. A combination of words and graphics may work better. 4. Organise your ideas and express them carefully. Take time to structure your ideas in a logical sequence. When choosing your words, take into consideration the receivers understanding and linguistic ability. Try to use words that the receiver will understand. Use language suitable to the communication taking place, informal language that may be used on the shop floor may not be suitable or appropriate for a business meeting. 5. Consider the context, breakdowns in communication often occur because the receiver is given information at the wrong time or place. Even important messages can be forgotten if the receiver is busy or preoccupied with something else. 6. Check for feedback, make sure your message has been received and understood. When speaking face to face look for signs of puzzlement in your listeners, be prepared to explain if necessary. Although the main responsibility for communicating a message rests with the sender, the receiver also has to listen and make sure they understand and relay the message to the right person. As a Receiver 1. Give the message your full attention. Many messages are misunderstood because the receiver is not concentrating, they are daydreaming, or there are too many distractions. 2. Interpret the message correctly. This requires effort and proper listening, if you are unsure of what is said; ask for it to be repeated. Check the meaning of unfamiliar words or references. In spoken communication listen actively and with empathy. Be alert for nuances that may subtly alter the meaning of the message. 3. Keep an open mind, you should not allow dislike of the communicator, or disagreement with their beliefs to influence your judgement. Make an objective assessment of the message no matter what your relationship with the sender. 4. Record information you are likely to forget. You should write down any information you are likely to forget such as, telephone numbers, names, dates etc. The information should be recorded properly in a secure place, not on a scrap of paper that can get lost among other papers on a busy desk. 5. Respond appropriately to the communicator by providing feedback, following up enquiries or whatever action is necessary. How to cite Theory of Communication, Essay examples

Clinical Psychology and Gerontology Vaccination Against Measles

Question: Describe about the Clinical Psychology and Gerontology for Vaccination Against Measles. Answer: 1. It has been found from the paper of Ozawa et al., (2014) that almost all the children receive vaccination against measles, diphtheria, polio but very few adults attempt for vaccination for protection against pneumococcal and influenza disease despite they have the potential to save or reduce their sufferings. The literature review shows slow adoption of the vaccines in the elderly. SteelFisher et al., (2015) highlighted that in Singapore the schedule of vaccination for adults is not offered comprehensively when compared to other countries such as Australia, Europe, and the United States. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to understand the reasons for slow adoption of vaccines in the elderly. Ang et al., (2013) believes that the importance of the vaccinations in enhancing the immune system of aging is unknown to many. There is a lack of awareness about the ability to protect against infections even in chronically ill patients. Currently, MOH recommends adult vaccines for people in high-risk groups or severe chronic illness to protect against Influenza and Pneumonia. In spite of the newly set national guidelines very few adults are vaccinated. According to the specialist of infectious disease, Mr. DrLeong Hoe Nam at Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre the slow adoption of vaccines in the elderly is due to lack of awareness among health care providers, patients and their families (Low et al., 2015). Studies conducted by Eng et al., (2014) showed that few proportion of patient are aware of the fact that influenza leads to death in individuals who are already suffering from other diseases such as Diabetes, Asthma, lung disease as well as those with weakened immune system . There is also the lack of awareness that the recent tetanus vaccine, which includes a booster for a whooping cough, renders protection to the adults as well as their grandchildren. There is varying rate of effectiveness for the adult vaccines unlike children vaccines, which are found to be 100% effective for polio and measles. The shots for pneumonia and flu are not successful which another reason for lagging adult immunization rates. In 2014, the rate of infection by flu reduced by only 19% after receiving flu vaccines in Singapore, which made difficult to persuade the older adults to get vaccinated (Ang et al., 2015). In addition, many physician dot not recommend vaccines more often or incorporate them into routine care and many physicians do not consider vaccinations a priority for adults (Tan et al., 2016). According to Tomczyk et al., (2014) new vaccine pricing owing to its complexity is leading to medical, scientific and public health ramifications. This pricing system has slowed down the adoption of the vaccination, as such vaccines do not reach the market to their full potential. The cost of one influenza jab is $35, and that about pneumococcal vaccine is about $80 in privatized health clinics. The high cost is the biggest hurdle for the care providers and patients. The shelf life of shingles vaccine is very short which makes its storage difficult in personal offices of physicians and therefore patients themselves has to get it from health clinics or pharmacy. Consequently, this extra step deters patients (Fatha Goh, 2014). The private insurances cover vaccines in addition to preventive services, but then the same deal is not applicable in the case of Medisave or Medicare where in one part the Flu and pneumonia shots are free, but shingles and tetanus vaccines may be covered in other part or require the copayment. In Singapore, Medisave does not pay for vaccinations (Tan et al., 2016). There is a need of enhanced effort to strengthen these areas to improve the speed of vaccine adoption among the elderly and prevent life-threatening ailments. The government of Singapore must develop measures and policies for improvement in vaccination programs for adults. 2. Vaccination is the cornerstone to control infectious disease and reduce the rate of mortality and morbidity. Since Singapore is a compact city, it is easy to administer vaccines to the large population quickly with systematic and good monitoring of adverse consequences. Singapore can improve adult vaccination in elderly by various ways, which are discussed in subsequent sections. Thein et al., (2013) Stated that there is an increase in efforts from the doctor to introduce more vaccines for the adults in Singapore. Currently, MOH recommends adult vaccines for people in high-risk groups or severe chronic illness to protect against Influenza and Pneumonia. Public hospitals should start programs to increase the adult vaccine rates. In addition, Singapore can implement pre-discharge vaccination as a standard of care similar to US and Canada (Natarajan Shankar, 2015). In every hospital, a significant proportion of inpatients suffer from conditions, which demands them to be immunized against chronic diseases. Therefore, offering these vaccines to them before the discharge would be a good opportunity. The patients on the other hand can lump the cost of vaccination within the hospital bill. The MOH should ensure the viability of paying for vaccinations using Medisave. It will reduce the cash outlay for the patients. Hospitals must hold "annual vaccination exercise" f or the patient who has undergone Kidney transplantation. This has been found to be successful in UK in immunizing 89% of the patients with Kidney disease against pneumococcal, hepatitis and influenza disease (Thein et al., 2013). Since these patients are immunocompromised, such interventions are helpful to reduce long-term complications. Vaccination education programs should target adult population to create awareness about how aging drops the immunity, the level of risks and complexity associated with infections after the age of 50 years. There is a need to educate about the deadly "lockjaw" condition caused when not immunized against tetanus. That may increase the immunization rates of tetanus (Nguyen et al., 2015). The education programs should target at promoting health changing behavior in elders by enhancing self-efficacy and motivation. It is essential to increase the awareness in elderly about the need to take preventive health steps by updating them about the recommended vaccines and the terrible condition, which can be prevented (Natarajan Shankar, 2015). Physicians should be instructed to strictly follow the national guidelines that should mandate them to recommend vaccines to all the older patients with weakened immunity. These will increase the awareness and adoption of vaccines by older patients. The M OH in Singapore can implement a multifaceted quality improvement initiative in all the health organisations to increase the prescription of the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in elderly and diabetics. Since such methods have shown improvements in some health institutes, it appears to be effective. However, there is a need for measures to evaluate its sustainability and applicability in all the primary care settings as well as safe reporting system (Tomczyk et al., 2014). According to Nguyen et al., (2015) this method in Singapore have increased the influenza vaccination from 9% to 47.1% and Pneumococcal Vaccine from 6% to 47.1% in a 5-month period. Singapore government can offer drive-through flu shots to the patients in their cars, or the Uber service providers can use a cell phone app to allow the customers to get free vaccines (Said et al., 2013). There is need of implementing e-health technology in Singapore owing to it multifunctional benefits. The health systems can identify the seniors who are in urgent need of vaccination through a quick search of electronic health records. Providing telehealth services is more advantageous as it brings care into a home (Bonten et al., 2015). According to Muhammad et al., (2013) the best way to increase the speed of the immunization in elderly is by engaging every staff in health organization right from the front office to back office in vaccinations. This is an effective method, as it does not lay the entire burden only on the physicians. The policy maker should incorporate training programs for health care professionals to provide intense care to the older patients. It must develop pilot community-based care services for older patients. The MOH must implement policy-directed program evaluation and National Seniors framework for improving the vaccination rate (Ang et al., 2013). Further, the insurers, payers, policymakers should make enhanced efforts to improve adult vaccination coverage rates. According to the theory of generativity by Erik Erikson, older people must expand their care beyond oneself (Ozawa et al., 2014). They should pass their wisdom and knowledge towards other in broader societal contexts to promote better health. Therefore, the community programs or service centres in Singapore must implement similar theories and concepts. The stakeholders must be presented with the data of the deaths due to lack of immunization in elderly to promote such programs in hospital and communities. The supporting evidenc e should be based on randomized control trials and other studies. The stakeholders and the health authority must collaborate internationally to implement vaccination success strategies of other countries such as Canada, US in Singapore (Bonten et al., 2015). 3. Pneumococcal disease is third leading cause of death associated with infection in children as well as in adult in Singapore (Thein et al., 2013). In Singapore, there were 380 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease per year during 2000-2008. More than 50% of them were older patients with 21% of fatality rate. However, in the year 2014, the number decreased to 164. Patients above 65 years of age are highly susceptible to this invasive disease. Vaccination is the cornerstone to control infectious disease and reduce the rate of mortality and morbidity. A pneumococcal vaccine has a potential to prevent life-threatening ailments and can prevent the global health problem. However, there is a slow adoption of pneumococcal vaccine in elderly in Singapore (Tan et al., 2016). Pneumococcal vaccine is vital for the older patient both at individual and at the community level because of deadly complications associated with the infection once developed (Muhammad et al., 2013). The causative organism of this disease is Streptococcus pneumonia, and its pathogenicity is mainly due to capsular polysaccharides. It can be manifested as- Bacteraemia- characterized with non-specific signs of illness and high fever Meningitis- presents with a severe headache, fever, stiffness of neck, nausea,vomiting, and pain when exposed to bright light Bacteremic pneumonia- is presented with rapid breathing, chills, cough, fever and chest pain (Said et al., 2013) There are several complication due to pneumococcal pneumonia such as lung abscess and pericarditis, pneumococcal meningitis leads to significant learning disabilities, paralysis, speech delays and even death (SteelFisher et al., 2015). Lack of pneumococcal immunization may kill a huge number of people owing to the slow adoption of this vaccine. The vaccine is necessary both at individual and community level due to its transition from asymptomatic carriage to invasive form. It is highly infectious and can quickly spread to various parts of the body such as lungs, middle ear, blood, coverings of the brain and spinal cord. It can spread from person to person through direct contact or droplets from an infected person while coughing or sneezing or articles contaminated that with infected droplets (Tomczyk et al., 2014). This implies the safeguard against this deadly disease both at the individual and at a community level. Infection to one person can reach a hundred others and increase the death and disability rate. However, effective intervention can stop the invasive chain of infection. Untreated patients can suffer septic shock, acute respiratory failure, multiorgan failure, and within several days can lead to death after its onset (Ozawa et al., 2014). The rationale for highly targeting elderly population (above 65 years) for this intervention is their weakened immunity and fragility. Older people with diabetes, lung disease are highly prone to this disease. The other risk factors in older adults that facilitate the development of the disease include chronic heart disease, alcohol consumption, smoking, and previous hospitalization for pneumonia. Singapore has been reported with increasing elderly population and hence decreasing pneumococcal disease is an important priority. Across the world the incidence of pneumococcal disease increases with age and the mortality is disproportionately high in an older group of population (Natarajan Shankar, 2015). Also, there is an increase antibiotic resistance among various strains of S. pneumonia, and these are highly found to infect older patients with comorbidities (Fatha et al., 2014). In conclusion, there is a need for herd immunity to eliminate or minimize the death due to PD. The Health Sciences Authority (Singapore regulatory body) has approved the use of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and PCV13 for the prevention of PD in adults (Tan et al., 2016). The former is highly effective for patient above 65 years of age and with comorbidities. However, a combination of both is best for high-risk adults. References Ang, L. W., Cutter, J., James, L., Goh, K. T. (2013). Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among adults in Singapore: a 12-year review.Vaccine,32(1), 103-110. Ang, L. W., James, L., Goh, K. T. (2015). Prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies among adults in Singapore: a national serological study to identify most susceptible population groups.Journal of Public Health, fdv011. Ang, L. W., Tey, S. H., Cutter, J., James, L., Goh, K. T. (2013). Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among children and adolescents in Singapore, 20082010.Journal of medical virology,85(4), 583-588. Bonten, M. J., Huijts, S. M., Bolkenbaas, M., Webber, C., Patterson, S., Gault, S., ... Patton, M. (2015). Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal pneumonia in adults.New England Journal of Medicine,372(12), 1114-1125. Eng, P., Lim, L. H., Loo, C. M., Low, J. A., Tan, C., Tan, E. K., ... Setia, S. (2014). Role of pneumococcal vaccination in prevention of pneumococcal disease among adults in Singapore.International journal of general medicine,7, 179. Fatha, N., Ang, L. W., Goh, K. T. (2014). Changing seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus infection in a tropical city state, Singapore.International Journal of Infectious Diseases,22, 73-77. Low, S. L., Lam, S., Wong, W. Y., Teo, D., Ng, L. C., Tan, L. K. (2015). Dengue seroprevalence of healthy adults in Singapore: serosurvey among blood donors, 2009.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 14-0671. Muhammad, R. D., Oza-Frank, R., Zell, E., Link-Gelles, R., Narayan, K. V., Schaffner, W., ... Harrison, L. H. (2013). Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among high-risk adults since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children.Clinical Infectious Diseases,56(5), e59-e67. Natarajan, V. S., Shankar, B. H. (2015). Challenges in the Management of Pneumococcal Disease in Older Adults.The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India,63(4 Suppl), 13-16. Nguyen, M. H., Chen, L. L., Lim, K. W., Chang, W. T., Mamun, K. (2015). Vaccination in Older Adults in Singapore: A Summary of Recent Literature.Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare,24(2), 94-102. Ozawa, S., Privor-Dumm, L. A., Nanni, A., Durden, E., Maiese, B. A., Nwankwo, C. U., ... Foley, K. A. (2014). Evidence-to-policy gap on hepatitis A vaccine adoption in 6 countries: Literature vs. policymakers beliefs.Vaccine,32(32), 4089-4096. Said, M. A., Johnson, H. L., Nonyane, B. A., Deloria-Knoll, M., Katherine, L. O., AGEDD Adult Pneumococcal Burden Study Team. (2013). Estimating the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic techniques.PloS one,8(4), e60273. SteelFisher, G. K., Blendon, R. J., Kang, M., Ward, J. R., Kahn, E. B., Maddox, K. E., ... Ben?Porath, E. N. (2015). Adoption of preventive behaviors in response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic: a multiethnic perspective.Influenza and other respiratory viruses,9(3), 131-142. Tan, K., Wijaya, L., Chiew, H. J., Sitoh, Y. Y., Shafi, H., Chen, R., ... Lim, T. (2016). An outbreak of Group B Streptococcal CNS infection in Singapore: unusual clinical and MRI findings (P1. 330).Neurology,86(16 Supplement), P1-330. Thein, T. L., Leo, Y. S., Fisher, D. A., Low, J. G., Oh, H. M., Gan, V. C., ... Lye, D. C. (2013). Risk factors for fatality among confirmed adult dengue inpatients in Singapore: a matched case-control study.PloS one,8(11), e81060. Tomczyk, S., Bennett, N. M., Stoecker, C., Gierke, R., Moore, M. R., Whitney, C. G., ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2014). Use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among adults aged 65 years: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,63(37), 822-5.

Short Story Comparison- A&P And An Ounce Of Cure Essays

Short Story Comparison- A&P And An Ounce Of Cure If a reader is given two short stories, two stories that are seemingly different on the surface, to read and compare and contrast, a surprising amount of similarities and differences can be found. Unless they deal with the same subject matter, most short stories arent really related, until some analysis is done. The stories A by John Updike, and An Ounce of Cure, by Alice Munro, are very similar but very different. One of the mot important similarities between these two stories is the problems the opposite sex causes for the main character. In A Sammy, the main character, quits his job because he thinks that his boss has mistreated and embarrassed three young ladies that were shopping in the store. In An Ounce of Cure, the female main characters boyfriend dumps her and she responds by trying to overdose on aspirin, gets drunk, and loses almost all of her baby-sitting jobs. Another similarity between these two stories is the fact that they are set between thirty and forty years ago. This is very important to both stories. In A the young ladies wouldnt have been walking around in a store in their bathing suits, and they definitely wouldnt have been wearing a two piece bathing suit if this had been set any earlier. Also, Sammy probably wouldnt have quit his job just because his boss embarrassed a few young ladies. In An Ounce of Care, the main character would have never thought about drinking at such a young age. Also, she wouldnt even have been in the situation if the story had been set earlier because she would have been forbidden to 2 date. These things have become more acceptable in recent times. The titles are also important to the stories. In A Sammy is a clerk at the local AAn Ounce of Cure, the main character and her mother have to use and ounce of cure to try and make up for the main characters mistakes. If only an ounce of prevention had been used, there wouldnt have been any of those horrible problems that arose. These two stories are also very different. The main difference is that Sammy takes less dramatic measures to resolve his problems than the girl in An Ounce of Cure. Sammy only quits his job. Since he is young and it is summer time, he shouldnt have any problems finding another job. The girl in An Ounce of Cure, however, takes far more drastic measures to solver her problems. She tries to kill herself, gets drunk, and endangers the lives of the two young children that she supposed to be watching. Another difference is that An Ounce of Cure has far less detail in it than in A An Ounce of Cure is much longer, but much more straightforward. It gives the story and a few extra details, but not many. On the other hand, A Sammy gives vivid details of everything around him. He paints a very clear picture of the store, the young ladies, the other shoppers, and his every thought. Both main characters in these stories have very different attitudes towards everything. Sammy, in A is very self assured. He realizes that he may be making a mistake halfway through quitting his job, but goes through with it anyway. By reading into his thoughts, the reader can infer that he is around the ages of fifteen to nineteen 3 years old, meaning that girls are very important to him and he wants to impress them. He also seemed to be somewhat of a happy-go-lucky kind of guy. Just because his quitting his job may have been detrimental to his family, he felt good with himself afterwards. The girl in An Ounce of Cure seems to get depressed very easily. She is young and should be able to get over getting dumped fairly easily. She also has a negative view of other people. Even though she might not have known some of the other people in the story very well, that didnt stop her from being a typical teenage girl and forming opinions of people she doesnt

The Rain Man essays

The Rain Man essays The Rain Man is a movie about Charlie Babbit played by Tom Cruise and his autistic brother Raymond Babbit also known as The Rain Man who is played by Dustin Hoffman. As Charlies father dies he thinks he is the only child in the family and thinks his father is going to leave his estate worth over three million dollars to him. But after finding out he had an autistic older brother he found out that the only things left for him was the 49 Buick convertible and his fathers prized rosebushes. The estate was to be put into a trust fund to another beneficiary. The money was to be spent by a trustee to carry out his father's wishes. He then found out that the trustee was a doctor at Walbrook and he was supposed to use all the money needed to care for his brother Raymond. In this movie Charlie shows narcissism by his greed for his fathers estate. Because his business was having financial difficulties, Charlie is in need of his fathers estate. He believes he is the only child in the family so he thinks he is going to be left with everything his father owns but when he finds out he had an older brother he is terrified. He felt as if he had been cheated out of his inheritance because his brother got all the money and all he was left with was the 49 Buick convertible and the prized rosebushes. He felt as if he should have received half of the money for the estate. This then leads to isolation which is showed by him trying to do everything to get half of that estate. He goes to Walbrook to try to get the doctor who is the trustee to give him half of the estate and the doctor refuses. To get the money he thought he should have, Charlie decides to take Raymond home with him. He removed Raymond from the institution where he had lived for many years and they started for California. He then realizes that his brother is good with counting cards while they are being shuffled so Charlie decides to stop in Reno, N...

Black holes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Black holes - Research Paper Example 1). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has explicitly disclosed that black holes happen when stars die and create a void or place in space where gravity allegedly is so strong that everything it comes into contact with is pulled in – even light (NASA, 2008). The current discourse hereby aims to present crucial information about black holes and the scientific theories behind them. The term black hole was reportedly coined by John Wheeler, noted to be a Princeton physicist, in 1967 (NASA, 2013). It was commendable for Hawking to aver that the theory behind black holes had originated way back 200 years ago through a paper allegedly written in 1783 by John Michelle from Cambridge who documented ‘black stars’ in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Hawking, n.d.). The description of the observation was analogous to how black holes are described in contemporary times, to wit: â€Å"a star that was sufficiently massive and compact, would have such a strong gravitational field that light could not escape. Any light emitted from the surface of the star, would be dragged back by the stars gravitational attraction, before it could get very far. Michell suggested that there might be a large number of stars like this† (Hawking, n.d., par. 3). Another scientist whose name emerged as one of the pioneers in the study of black holes was a French scientist who was identified by Hawkin as Marquis de La~plass (Hawking, n.d.). However, only when Einstein allegedly came out with his famous General Theory of Relativity was the possibility of black holes actually confirmed. As expressly indicated, according to Einstein’s theory, â€Å"when a massive star dies, it leaves behind a small, dense remnant core. If the cores mass is more than about three times the mass of the Sun, the equations showed, the force of gravity overwhelms all other forces and produces a black hole† (NASA, 2013,

Middle Eastern Humanities CH. 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle Eastern Humanities CH. 5 - Essay Example be used in setting up the environment for the visitors, for instance, in order to maximize the number of banquet tables in the room, they can be set in a corner or fit in the center of the room. In most cases, diagonal placement and arrangement of banquet tables is deemed to be spacious and efficient as opposed to lateral rows. In making a six-course banquet for visitors from the East, Israel and turkey can require proper planning of the events so that the culinary cultures of the visitors are not violated or offended. However, the banquet being offered may not necessarily incorporate all the cultural values of the visitors, a great degree of comfort and confidence in setting up the banquet is necessary (Helstosky 87). At the same time, there has to be a high degree of ethics related to table manners and other culinary involvements. During the event, tea will be served, as well as other warm beverages depending on the state of the weather, if it will be extremely hot, then it will be prudent to serve cold beverages. During the session, snacks like peanuts or sweets will also be offered for those that may wish to have them, as the visitors get to interact and share light moments, the host will have to inform them when to sit on the round tables. In terms of dishes, beef, chicken, vegetables, as well as different varieties of seafood, shall also be offered, while serving, it will be necessary to keep the number of dishes even (Notaker 187). However, the number of guests and their culinary practices, according to their cultures will determine the setting up of dishes during the banquet. Most often, rice is always served in large banquets, it is usually served last or as the second-last dish, this is done with the aim of avoiding the impression that the host was in misery for serving a meal that is different from the main basic food. Before serving dessert, it is important to start with soup, this ensures that any small amount of space in the stomach is filled,

5th street Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

5th street - Essay Example Yet to ensure that these cyclist do not get into accidents especially where the street has intersections, the bike lane has ramps. It serves like the bumps that help to inform the bikers of the intersection and thereby alerting them to reduce their speed. The making of the road and the signposts also help to inform all the road users of the need to keep watch of each other. There are areas, islands that are raised to help prevent accidents from other motorists coming from other lanes, fig a3. This way, it offers simple ways to avoid such clashes. There are signposts along major intersections where more than two lanes intersect. They provide adequate information to both the bikers and the motorists. The sign like the one shown in FIG is a stop sign with details 4-way intersection on the left of the signpost. Along the fifth street, there are special places that are set apart for the elderly and even the parents. Streets have bulb outs, as shown in fig b1 are both effective and efficient for the elderly and for parents with children. The reason is that hey shorten the distance that is taken crossing roads or intersection. Like the one shown in fig b2, it is thereafter followed by a raised seating area for these group of individuals. The reason for such consideration is that this group of individuals are much slower and may require to make several stop overs before getting to their destination. It provides them with sessions of taking breaks and a good place to also read their mail online if they so choose. For children in particular, there are so many considerations that have been put in place to ensure that they are safe. Some of the measures include warning the road users of the speed limit they are to observe. This is the case in fig c1. At such a limit, braking is easier to avoid accidents. Other measures are having sign posts that give warning to road users about the presence of children, especially school children crossing the road. The signs are

Identify Current Thinking On Leadership

Identify Current Thinking On Leadership In the last few decade it has been found the relation between the effective leadership style and culture is very critical. For example, the multinational organization like Daimler Chrysler, IBM forces their HR and other department to recognize the culture limitation of the organization and the leadership style. A number of researchers have done their work on understanding the impact of culture on the leadership practices and vice versa (ea.,Gessner, Arnold, Mobley, 1999; Hofstede,1991;house, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, Gupta, (2004) Leslie Van Velsor,1998). International literature has been reviewed and the generalization of leadership theories being assessed by Dorfmen(2004) and chemers( 1997), both of them found out some mixed result, yet some behavioral like supportive leadership and transnational leadership style result similar across the culture. While the cultural consequences has been observed with directive leadership. From the last fifty years the thinking patterns about the leadership, whether in a board room or in communities has been heavily influenced by mode of heroic leadership. Traditionally the idea about the leadership was considered up to skills, qualities and behavior of individual who forces and influences other to take action and achieve the given task or common goal by using their position and power. But later on as the more studied and research on the topic has been done it has been found that this way of thinking is a mere part of leadership theory and it fail to explain the leadership as a process build by relationship that are dynamic, fluid and non-directive in nature. Leadership understanding is a unique process that requires to think very differently about the changes had taken place and how we work others individual and groups. To understand the Current leadership style and thinking it is necessary to understand the history about it. How it is developed or evolved. Unless by understanding them it is difficult to comment on their evaluation. This paper provides a brief summary of the different style leadership and their relation with cultural implication. A Brief History about Leadership Great Man theories: These theories are based on belief that leaders have some exceptional born qualities in them. Here the term man is used intentionally as it has been observed the leaders of primitive time are male whether from military, politics or king etc. these lead the next school of trait theories. Trait theories: This theory argues that leaders have some common trait among them. It can be said according this theory all leaders are having some common ingredient. Though this theory also fail to explain how the leader e.g. Margaret Thatcher or Winston Churchill with these characteristics fail to perform as a leader. While some despite having those trait became a successful leader. Behavioral theories: These theories are developed to explain the failure of Trait theory, the initial work to develop these theories has been started in 1940 to till 1960. These theories are based on leadership behavior rather than their trait. What leaders do rather than what the quality they have? Different style and pattern of behavior of leaders are analyzed and observed. This is one of the most interested area for practiced managers. (Arnold, Mobley, 1999; Hofstede,1991) Situational Leadership theories: This theory argues that different situation demand different type leadership style. Sometime it requires being autocratic, some time democratic some time participative. It recognizes the demand of situation and a leadership style has to be changed according to situation. It also suggests a different type of leadership style is required within the same organization at different level. Contingency Theory: It can be said it is the advancement of the Situational Leadership theory. Its focus on identifying the situational variable which predict the best suitable style of leadership style for the given situation. Transactional Theory: This theory emphasis the relation between the leader and the follower. It focuses on the mutual benefit and common interest. According to this theory, the leader commits something in return to his/her follower for favoring or following him or her. It is more or less give and take style, hence known as transactional theory as name suggest no bonding after the deliverable. Transformational Theory: The motto here is to change role of leadership by transformation, by motivation, by education, by emotion etc. New leadership theory Relates to Charismatic, Visionary, Transformational. In the 1980s, the new definition of a leader has been given by using the above word. Learning organizations and distributed leadership: All of the theories discussed above take an individualistic perspective of a leader, in current practices a new school of thought is becoming more popular known as dispersed leadership. This approach tells us to distribute leadership spread it across the organization, societies, geography, and politics. This approach sees leadership as a process that is diffused through the cultures, organization, societies rather than laying a few handful of people designated as leader. The locus has been shifted from developing a leader to developing leaderful organization or societies. It is evident from the above theory that none of the theory explains leadership comprehensively. The Distributed leadership practice fight with the idea of difficult time demand a transformational and charismatic leader. To satisfy this need there are a number of themes that are important for systematic analysis of leadership are context, perceived leadership, behavioral requirements, development methods and capabilities.( Dorfmen, 2004;chemers, 1997) Context: A leadership cannot be discussed in isolation it has some external environment some extraneous and variable factor. By considering this factor, a leadership style has to be evolved or developed. For example, the requirement of a government office job is quite different from those required private sector jobs. Alternatively, the requirement for a job academician or researcher the qualities might be different which required for a sales job. Perceived Need: A lot of researches in 1960s suggest that the context lead to the need. However from the late 1940s there has been a technical and social aspect to analysis of organization hence it is not surprising to see that some researchers argument over the ideological aspect to the perceived need for leadership. For example Top management do not buy the idea that people follow them because they have authorityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they like to feel that they lead because they have the quality to lead (Miller and Form 1964) By putting aside the need of the top manager whether social or psychological and going by the perspective of stakeholders and other staff, the perceived leadership requirement for the situation depend upon the expectation of the individual and group involved as well as from the reality of situation too. It has been found the expectation of people and group themselves be a reflection of the existing belief, culture, and norms. For example leading a service centre is different from leading a audit team. The group members expectation from the leader is different in both the group due the culture, knowledge, belief and practice both the group follow. Hence affect the effective leadership style. Behavioral Requirements and competencies The leaders require having some behavioral requirement and competencies. Many models have been suggested to define these requirement and competencies. Though these three are common among them. Cognitive: Drawing the big picture and making direction to modify it. Making change happen: This quality talk about motivational skills and get the work done from the subordinate Inter-organizational: To work with the college and partner and create a healthy environment Current Thinking Transformational Leadership (TL) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) are the most popular views in the current moment. Though it cannot be suggested that they are right because they are popular rather they are right because indeed a lot of research and scholars work has been done on both the views and they explain the leadership up to a great extent in current scenario. (Miller and Forum 1964) Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership is more than transaction leadership. Anderson, TD(1992) talk transforming leadership is about vision, planning, communication and creative action which has a positive and motivating effect on the group and individual under a clear set of values and beliefs, to accomplish a desired measureable goals. This transforming moves similarly impact on the personal development and the productivity or corporation. It can be said the heart of transformational leadership is inspiring vision. The transformational leaders motivate people to achieve beyond expectation for the interest of group, corporation, and society on the verse of personal interest. TL makes a positive impact on morality, empowerment and motivation of an individual and group. (Routledge, 2006; Transformational Leadership; pg 34-38) The main characteristics of a TL is discussed by various leaders is highlighted below. Charismatic: Charismatic is a metaphor like a role model whom other follow and strive to emulate those characters who align the other people around a common goal and purpose. Inspirational: This word talks about the leadership quality, which provides the meaning and optimism about the common goal and its attainability. Intellectually Stimulating: This quality of the leader encourage the follower to develop a leader within them and verify the basic assumption involved in a project and consider the problem from a unique and new perspectives. Individually considerate: This quality of leader explain how leader work in a team, work with their follower , find out their need, figured out their self interest and develop their potential and how to enhance their expectations. A study conducted by Tom Peters found that TL leaders in the public sector where they took off their interest from the financial, management issue and government out target have had to go. On the other hand it can be said great characters are likely to have great weaknesses too, which lead to hamper their position, their colleagues, their followers and their organizations too. Although the above stanza portray the negative image of a transactional leader, but it cant be generalized because in the last decade it has been observed TL has moved beyond the Great Leader to distributed leadership and has been became a more balanced towards recognizing the importance of good management. Here the emphasis is given on the result, the process, the practices and a continuous learning environment for an individual and the for the group too. (John Storey Michael Fullan; Leading a cultural change) Emotional Intelligence (EI) Daniel Goleman has researched and written about the term a lot. According to him this term and its application to leadership behaviors to neuroscience in a manner that correlate human thinking and feeling and explain how our right brain concurs over the left. Hence to be a emotionally intelligent leader it is prerequisite to be self aware and self managed. The term given to this awareness is personal competences. Goleman found in his research that people with high EI score are more successful than the people who have lower EI. The Youngsters who were low on Emotional intelligence were prone to criminology. Hence Goleman has proved EI is a consideration of leadership. The social completeness the most critical for a leader comes from the development of the persona competences. These talk about social awareness and relationship management. A set of competencies lead to emotional intelligence. These skill set give the power the of understanding the persons ability, control and monitor his or her emotion efficient and effectively and to read the others and then manage and influence the other emotional state (Caurdon, 1999; Goleman, 1998). Goleman explain it within five dimensions. The following are the set behavioral attributes of the each area. Self- awareness the key stone of emotional intelligence, it is the ability of any individual to recognize the feeling of him or her and is to make an actual self- assessment and self-confidence. Self- Management is the art of controlling the disruptive emotions and to controls the impulses. Keep maintain the standards of honesty and integrity, be comfortable with the novel approaches and ideas and take the responsibility of somebody else performance. Motivation is the ability of a leader to influence the other people to outperform or facilitate towards the common goal. It consists of achievement, commitment, initiative, and optimism. Empathy word describes how a leader involved in the feelings, perspectives, concern and needs of the other. How a leader understands the problem of follower and rectifies them. Social Skills are basic to emotional intelligence. They include the persona of a leader his ability to get the desirable response from the others by communicating or presenting his or her viewpoint in a manner that is to be accepted by individuals and societies, inspire the individual and groups, nurturing the relationship, and working towards the common goal by creating group synergy. Past decade we have seen many leaders having great EI got succeeded in their life. Though it has been a topic of debate among emotional and intelligence which quality is more important for a leader. It can be said these two qualities are not complementary for a leader rather than these are supplementary quality. These work together, because an emotional leader has to be intelligent too or an intelligent leader has to be emotionally intelligent too. Culture Culture can be defined as knowledge, belief, idea and behavior, shared attitude, values, goal, and practices, custom and ritual performed by any individual and group or societies. The meaning of culture has been changed with the passage of time and from context to context. In early eighteenth and nineteenth century in Europe culture is considered as the improvement in cultivation, in the same way it had various definition with time to time. These points can be said about the culture. (John Story and Michel Fullan) A phenomenon wave, which surround us Culture itself tells us how it is evolved and helps us to understand its creation, development, manipulation and management. A leadership cannot be defined in isolation without considering the cultural. To understand and an organization or society it is imperative to understand its culture. Culture is a combination of customs and rights. Good managers must know and understand the customs and rights. Each organization has their own set of belief and standard referred as culture. As an outsider approach to any organization he needs to understand the culture at first of the organization or society. It Consist of the language, customs, traditions, standards and values, published and publicly announced values, philosophy, rules in organization, group interaction, thinking pattern, paradigms and shared knowledge for socialization and symbols meanings. Leader must adopt and suit their style according to situation and culture in which they operate. For example what works in china may or may not be likely to work in Canada or France. One can be effective in Canada by humiliating the departmental store employee but thats not guarantee that it will be applicable to Japan and India. As different individual needs different treatment based upon their culture. If humiliated employee leave the organization hence it creates more difficulties for a leader as he need to hire another one train him hours and to tell him process and systems and it will take some time for the employee to get acquainted with the new organization. National Culture affects the leadership style due to that a leader cannot choose their style at their own wish. There are some societal constraints over that. For example in Korea a leader is expected to be caring about their follower while in the Arab a leader is who shows kindness and generosity without being asked is considered by other Arab as week. In Japan leaders are expected to be humble and participative in common forum. Consisting with the contingency approach, a leader need to adjust their working style according to the aspect the organization, industry and culture in which they operate. For example a manipulative or altercative style is compatible with high power distance, like Russia, Spain, Far East, Latin Countries and Spain. While a participative style is most likely to be associated with culture with low distance like Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland. Power distance ranking is a good indicator of employee willingness to accept of participative or autocratic leadership. (Globe Project) Conclusion No theory or model is able to explain and provide a satisfactory explanation of leadership. Indeed there is no common consensus on the meaning or definition of leadership among all theory and scholars in first place. Most of the theory is extension or improved version of the pervious theory or partial explanation of leadership within itself. Many theories are based on personal or even limited, biased research referring to particular philosophical or ideological points of view. As a researcher get the answer of the question as he or she asks. As per Yukis wide-ranging review of the leadership literature in 1989 most of the theories are conceptually weak and lack in strong empirical support. Numbers of empirical studies on leadership has been done but the result are most of the time are contradictory or inconclusive. A related shortcoming of the current leadership is the separation of tracks like cognitive, emotional, spirituality and behavioral aspects. None of the theories and model has been reviews except servant leadership theory address the spiritual element of peoples life. Some theory is superficial like research by the industrial society in 1996. Though its debatable whether leadership affects the culture or culture affect the leadership, as both are interrelated they cannot run in isolation of each other. A leader cannot be successful if he does not follow the culture norms. Or if the leader is so much powerful then he can spoil the culture and create a new society or culture. But history has proved even the government, king and leader who autocratic and tries to implement their ideas and thought without understanding the demand of society or culture fail to perform. Hence it is very imperative to be any leader to align their leadership style with the culture of particular society and what the time demand.

Television Censorship Essay -- essays research papers

Television Censorship WHAT IS CENSORSHIP? "Censorship is the supervision and control of the information and ideas that are circulated among the people within a society. In modern times, censorship refers to the examination of books, periodicals, plays, films, television and radio programs, news reports, and other communication media for the purpose of altering or suppressing parts thought to be objectionable or offensive. The objectionable material may be considered immoral or obscene, heretical or blasphemous, seditious or treasonable, or injurious to the national security. Thus, the rationale for censorship is that it is necessary for the protection of three basic social institutions: the family, the church, and the state. Censorship and the ideology supporting it go back to ancient times. Every society has had customs, taboos, or laws by which speech, play, dress, religious observance, and sexual expression were regulated(Microsoft Encarta 95)." CENSORSHIP OF OBSCENITY "The beginning of a new legal approach may be traced to the action of the federal courts in the 1930s, when they held that Irish author James Joyce's Ulysses was not obscene and could be freely passed through customs. The courts ruled that the use of "dirty words" in "a sincere and honest book" did not make the book "dirty." Since the 1950s many obscenity cases involving books, magazines, and film have been brought before the Supreme Court. In the cases during the 1970s the court ruled that laws against obscenity must be limited " to works which, taken as a whole, appeal to the prurient interest in sex; which portray sexual conduct in a patently offensive way; and which, taken as a whole, do not have serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value." The Court has further held that obscenity should be determined by applying "contemporary community standards" rather than national standards (Microsoft Encarta 95)." WHO DOES TELEVISION CENSORSHIP EFFECT? CENSORSHIP AFFECTS MINORS AND ADULTS Does censorship affect both minors and adults? One incident in Ohio led a mother of a 5 year old boy to believe so. The boy's mother attributed his actions to the influence of the popular MTV cartoon show Beavis and Butthead. In response to watching this cartoon the boy set his house on fir... ...censorship of television. The government of the United States of America has been getting very involved in what they think is appropriate to be on television. I want to know why they get to decide what I want to watch. I feel that it should be a person's choice. They say they are concerned with what children are viewing, or that some things such as nudity and swear words offend people. Parents should monitor what their children watch. If a parent does not want their child to see something in particular, then it is the parent's responsibility to see that they do not, not the government's (Microsoft Internet Explorer)." What do you think? Should our government continue to enforce television and film censorship as it has been? Or should all forms of censorship be abolished completely? THE PURPOSE "It is the purpose of this Act to increase competition in all telecommunications markets and provide for an orderly transition from regulated markets to competitive and deregulated telecommunications markets consistent with the public interest, convenience, and necessity (Telecommunications Bill of 1995, Internet)."

Mother Teresa: her life and my feelings Essay

Mother Teresa was a woman who devoted her life to helping the poor, suffering and dying. She touched the lives of people all over the world, from Calcutta to Rome, and from Ethiopia to Venezuela. Mother Teresa has been a role model to people all over the world, but she has been a real inspiration to me. Ever since I was little, I have gone to Catholic school; therefore, I have known about Mother Teresa since I was younger. I have learned about the many places she traveled and the many people she has aided. I have also learned about the many personal sacrifices she has made for others. When I learned of these sacrifices she made and realized she did them just so she could help other, I realized that there was lot I could be doing to help people in the world. I always give money to the missions, I volunteered at Second Harvester’s and helped out in my high school office. I still do everything I can just to help people even if it is in the little things I do. I love the feeling I get when I know I have helped someone somehow. It is a wonderful feeling. I feel like I have done something to make the world a more loving, caring place to live in. Mother Teresa once said, â€Å"God is thirsting for our love. When we, from our own free will, surrender to his will, He will use us to be his instrument in this world, to let our love be His love for others. This can only be through continuous prayer. Then we will be: a pencil in God’s hands.† I think this quote plays an important part in the way we treat others everyday. It should always come to mind before we consider do something wrong to someone else. If we hurt someone else, we are also hurting God. Do we really want to hurt someone who love us so much that he would die for us? Mother Teresa knew how good it made God feel to see her do the great deeds she did and I believe this is what kept her going strong at it her whole life. This same feeling is what keeps me doing nice things for others everyday. Even though our world is full of so much hate and cruelty, I have learned to look past all this and only give out love and affection, in the hope of erasing all of t hese bad things. My future job as a doctor will allow me to take care of and aid people everyday and it makes me feel so good everytime I think of this. Mother Teresa’s love reached millions of people in millions of different  ways. She did not let anything stop her from performing God’s will ad following her heart. It took enormous, strength to live the life she did, and I pray to God and her every day for this same strength to get thorough the struggles in my life and to become a better person as each day progresses. I honestly feel God has put me here to accomplish something wonderful. Mother Teresa gives me the strength to find out what this is and DO IT!!!

Conductimetric Titration and Gravimetric Determination of a Precipitate Essay

Abstract: This experiment demonstrated that by titrating barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 solution with a sulfuric acid, .1 M H2SO4 solution the point of equivalence can be obtained. Since they were ionic compounds, then the lowest conductivity reading was the point of equivalence because at that reading they were both at a non-ionic state since all their ions have been completely reacted. A first when the H2SO4 was added the conductivity was high, 17.8 umho, then as more H2SO4 was added it went to its lowest, 5.3 umho. The subsequent adding of more H2SO4 caused the conductivity to go again to a new peak, 10.3 umho, this was followed by another decrease in conductivity to 8.9 umho, from then on, as more H2SO4 was added the conductivity increased continuously until the end of the experiment. The tabulated resulted graph and the graph displayed on the pH sensor were quite different, wherein by tabulation the lowest was 5.3 umho, while the pH sensor graph had its lowest way below 5.3 umho. The refore, there was an error; it could be that the solution was not properly mixed during titration. There was only enough time for one trial. From calculation, the molarity of the Ba(OH)2 between 0.45-0.54 molarity when the conductivity was between 8.9 umho and 9.3 umho respectively. The molarity of the Ba(OH)2 should be the same as the H2SO4 which was .1 M. Introduction: The experiment was to demonstrate how to find the concentration of Ba(OH)2 needed to react with .1 M H2SO4; thus conductimetric titration was used. The theory is that during titration as the solutions react the ions in both solutions cause the conductance of electricity. When the reaction stops, meaning that all the ions have been removed from the reactants then the conduction would be at the lowest point. That is the point of equivalence wherein the ratios of both solutions are the same. In this case both would be 0.1 molar. From then on, any more addition of the .1 M H2SO4 would cause an increase of conductance because of the added ions. Result: There was only enough time for one trial. The graph below shows the theoretical result which was different from the displayed result. Sample calculation: 4 x 106 /8.9 = .45 x 106 M Ba(OH)2. Materials: Labpro or CBL 2 interface Conductivity probe Ring stand 250mL beaker Magnetic stirrer Stinning bar Filter paper- fine drade Filter funnel 10 mL pipet Pipet bulb and pump Ba(OH)2 solution .1 M H2SO4 distilled water 50mL buret Buret clamp 50 mL graduated cylinder Utility clamp Discussion: Earlier in the experiment as the 0.1 M H2SO4 was being added the displayed graph showed a faulty result because the ionization data was collected too early before all the ions had been removed, thus there was a misleading result that the point of equivalent was reached. Later as more of the acid was added the true point of equivalence was found, which was 8.9 umho. If there was enough time then the experiment could be redone; in a more timely fashion. Could it be that the experiment was prearranged to give a faulty result just for a learning experience? Conclusion: Conductivty titration is another method that can be used to find the concentration of an unknown solution, albeit that the experimenter must be patient so that the ionization results can be had at the equimolar concentration of both solutions. The error was evident because the acid was 0.1 M H2SO4, thus according to the readings, with 1 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 and at 5.3 umho, that should have been the point of equivalence, meaning that at 1 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 both substances would be equimolar, but that was not the case. Equimolarity was achieved at 4 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 with the conductivity is 8.9 umho as displayed on the pH sensor graph.

Barbara Jordan - Biography and Career Profile

Barbara Jordan - Biography and Career Profile Barbara Jordan grew up in Houstons black ghetto, attended segregated public schools, and an all-black college, where she graduated magna cum laude. She was involved in debate and oratory, winning a number of awards. Known for: role in Watergate hearings; keynotes at 1976 and 1992 Democratic National Conventions; first Southern African American woman elected to Congress; second Southern African American elected to Congress after the end of Reconstruction; first African American woman in the Texas legislatureOccupation: lawyer, politician, teacher:Texas Senate 1967-1973, U.S. House of Representatives 1973-1979; professor of political ethics at University of Texas, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs; chair of U.S. Commission on Immigration ReformDates: February 21, 1936 - January 17, 1996Also known as: Barbara Charline Jordan Law Career Barbara Jordan chose law as a career because she believed she would then be able to have an impact on racial injustice. She wanted to attend Harvards law school but was advised that a black woman student from a Southern school would probably not be accepted. Barbara Jordan studied law at Boston University, saying later, I realized that the best training available in an all-black instant university was not equal to the best training one developed as a white university student. Separate was not equal; it just wasnt. No matter what kind of face you put on it or how many frills you attached to it, separate was not equal. I was doing sixteen years of remedial work in thinking. After earning her law degree in 1959, Barbara Jordan returned to Houston, starting a law practice from her parents home and also getting involved in the 1960 election as a volunteer. Lyndon B. Johnson became her political mentor. Elected to the Texas Senate After  unsuccessful tries at being elected to the Texas House, in 1966 Barbara Jordan became the first African American since Reconstruction in the Texas Senate, the first black woman in the Texas legislature. A Supreme Court decision and redistricting to enforce one man, one vote helped make her election possible. She was reelected to the Texas Senate in 1968. Elected to Congress In 1972, Barbara Jordan ran for national office, becoming the first black woman elected to Congress from the South, and, with Andrew Young, one of the first two African Americans elected since Reconstruction to the U.S. Congress from the South. While in Congress, Barbara Jordan came to national attention with her strong presence on the committee holding Watergate hearings, calling for the impeachment of President Nixon on July 25, 1974. She was also a strong supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment, worked for legislation against racial discrimination, and helped establish voting rights for non-English-speaking citizens. 1976 DNC Speech At the 1976 Democratic National Convention, Barbara Jordan gave a powerful and memorable keynote speech, the first African American woman to give a keynote to that body. Many thought she would be named a vice presidential nominee, and later a Supreme Court justice. After Congress In 1977 Barbara Jordan announced she would not run for another term in Congress, and became a professor, teaching government at the University of Texas. In 1994, Barbara Jordan served on the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. When Ann Richards was the governor of Texas, Barbara Jordan was her ethics advisor. Barbara Jordan struggled for many years with leukemia and multiple sclerosis. She died in 1996, survived by her long-time companion, Nancy Earl. Background, Family: Father: Ben Jordan (Baptist minister, laborer)Mother: Arlyne (church activist) Education: Phillis Wheatley High School (1952)Texas Southern University (magna cum laude)Boston University (1959, law) Elections: 1960: volunteer for Lyndon B. Johnsons nomination1962: Texas House of Representatives (unsuccessful)1964: Texas House of Representatives (unsuccessful)1966: Texas Senate (successful)1972: U.S. House of Representatives (successful)1974, 1976: re-elected to U.S. House

Malcolm X, Dr. Martin Luther King and Bobby Seale Research Paper

Malcolm X, Dr. Martin Luther King and Bobby Seale - Research Paper Example The difference was the way each man promoted equal rights. Martin Luther King Jr. thought peaceful resistance was the way. He led boycotts to fight Jim Crow laws. He believed in integration. Malcolm X preached hate and segregation from the ‘white devils’. He wanted equal rights without integration. Bobby Seale believed in action. He protected his neighborhood through violence. The Black Panthers incited riots, most notably at the Democratic Convention. Another major difference that impacted each man’s views was religion. King was Christian. Malcolm X was a Muslim. Bobby Seale did not really have a religion. The Black Panthers followed a more Marxist path. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were both assassinated. Bobby Seale is still alive. King and Seale came from the South, but Malcolm X came from the North. King and Seale had fathers that worked and homemaker mothers. Malcolm X was from a broken home and even ended up in foster care. Seale served in the military, but the other two did not. The SCLC helped the Civil Rights Movement most in terms of gathering positive attention to the cause. The Nation of Islam inspired a fear in both black and white Americans. The Black Panthers incited violence that led to the gangs of

Early Childhood Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Early Childhood Studies - Essay Example This paper stresses that the process of children with special needs is tied with the Reformation of Europe which saw the promotion of childhood as a unique state in a person’s life where s/he has to be segregated and taught things that will be beneficial to him or her in life. The Industrial Revolution did not come up with any rules and regulations that directly affect or influence children with learning disabilities. Thiis report makes a conclusion that the main framework of relevant laws today have its roots in the Education Act 1944 which sought to promote children with special needs’ requirements and their identification. Also, the institution of laws and regulations relating to the identification of children with special needs and helping them got a major boost with the Warnock Report which came up in 1978 and was implemented in the Education Act of 1981. These rules created a framework that supported the medical and physical assessment of children with special needs in order to keep them in special schools. These assessments were regulated and they were given various yardsticks and guidelines. The author approves that these rules were later modified by the Labour Government and this was complemented by the Human Rights Act 1998, which allowed the UK to create rules and regulations that relating to children with special needs that was in sync with the existing regulations. The SEN And Disability Act of 2001 was complemented by the 2004 SEN Strategy that was meant to remove barriers towards achievement and enhance investments into various charitable organisations that were focused on persons with disabilities.

Week 10 Question 2 Part 2 Looking Ahead Assignment

Week 10 Question 2 Part 2 Looking Ahead - Assignment Example If debt financing cannot be avoided, the government needs to ensure that the economy can be able to support the repayment of the debt. This knowledge will help me give wise and informed advice on any investment decision taken. The knowledge acquired in this course on budgeting also proves to be viable in my position. I plan to apply the skills from this topic in ensuring that the decision on expenditure helps my office meet its targets. The government normally allocates a certain amount of funds to its branches in a financial year. This course has helped me to appreciate how crucial it is to have budgets in order to ensure that all targets are met. Budgets work by apportioning money according to projects or activities, and the periods under which they need to be completed. This helps in avoiding overspending and also helps in finishing projects in time (Pratt, 2002). An individual who has no financial background could use what is learned in finance in making better decisions. For example, looking at risks and the assessment of risks, this individual can be able to determine how risky it is to invest in a company by looking at the general view of the company (Chong, 2004). This may by looking at cases of corporate mismanagement in the company that indicate high risk. This individual can also be able to know the performance of a company by looking at the performance of the company or by relying on investors’ reactions. For example, a company that is not performing well will have reports that show poor performance. Investors will also react by shying away from investing in the

Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Charles Dickens Essay Pips childishness with his extremely lively imagination is later on in chapter 3 It was a rimy morning, and very damp. I had seen the damp lying on the outside of my little window as if some goblin had been crying there all night. And It seemed to my oppressed conscience like a phantom devoting me to the hulks. Both of these quotes show how childishly Pips imagination works. This can be compared to the opening chapter of Cider with Rosie in which Laurie Lees imagination runs away with him in a similarly childish fashion. Each blade tattooed with tiger skins of sunlight. It was knife edged, dark, and a wicked green, thick as a forest and alive with grasshoppers that chirped and chattered and leapt through the air like monkeys. These descriptive metaphors and similes are quite dark and threatening images such as some of Pips were in great expectations. Therefore both authors are showing childhood as quite a scary daunting time as well as a time when you have an active imagination. Laurie Lee has written about childhood in Cider with Rosie as he saw it because it is an autobiographical novel that describes his childhood during the war. Laurie Lee portrays his childhood and growing up with the growing up of the nation. The reason that Laurie Lee portrays this time of his life as scary and daunting is because it is also a scary and daunting time for Great Britain during the Second World War. Charles Dickens portrays childhood as a scary and hard time for his own reasons. Dickens had quite a bad childhood with his dad being in prison and himself living in the Victorian times when children were treated poorly and were worked extremely hard. Dickens wanted other people to understand the hardship that he had been through and was quite self-obsessed with his harsh childhood. He decided to tell people about this through the novels that he wrote and in the example of Great Expectations, Pip was the character that would reflect on Dickens childhood. Dickens shows Pips childhood as a time where you are extremely guilty for the things that you have done and that you are always paranoid that bad things are going to come of you because of it. Pip is almost obsessed with his guilty thoughts and fear of captivity. The theme of guilt and imprisonment often occurs in Great Expectations. These are shown in things that Pip sees and his vivid childish imagination. Part of the reason that Pip feels very guilty and that Laurie Lee does not really recall his guilt is that Pip is very much a person who has feelings and is very much a self obsessed child. Whereas Laurie Lee is more detached from his own thoughts and more interested in the world around him. This is one of the differences in the way that the two authors present childhood. Another difference in the way that the authors portray childhood is that Laurie Lee makes his childhood a beautiful childhood whereas Pips is more dark and gloomy. Lee does this in the style of his writing, which is very poetic and flowing. This is due to the fact that before Laurie Lee was a writer, he was a poet. This means that the way he portrays childhood is poetic and almost beautiful. In great expectations, however, Dickens sets gloomy scenes such as the beginning scene in the graveyard and the scenes in the marshes. Another difference is the way that guilt is portrayed along with childhood in both of the novels. Dickens shows childhood as a time when you were constantly guilty for the things you had done and the paranoia of being caught was immense. He probably had done this because as a child Dickenss father had been taken to a debtors prison because he could not afford to look after his family. This may have made Dickens feel guilty as a child and he decides to show this through Pip. A passage that shows this guilt is, It seemed to my oppressed conscience like a phantom devoting me to the hulks. This shows Pip feels guilty and is paranoid because his mind thinks that a signpost is telling him to go to prison. Laurie Lee however does not see childhood as a time of guilt but more of a carefree time where you dont have to feel guilty. A quote in chapter 3 shows this Cider with Rosie shows this, And exhaled our last guiltless days. However Laurie is not always guiltless, like pip he has a moment in the book where he felt guilty and paranoid of the consequences of his actions. This is shown in chapter 3 also, That the summons to the big room, the policemans hand on shoulder, comes almost always as a complete surprise, and for the crime that one has forgotten. Lee realises that he cannot do things such as hit people because they are of a different race. Lee is scared of the punishment that he will receive and is paranoid about when he will be found out. This is a lot like the character Pip in Great Expectations who spends his whole childhood feeling this way. This means that there is a strong link between childhood and guilt.

Christian Reflections On Money Sex And Power Religion Essay

Christian Reflections On Money Sex And Power Religion Essay Foster, Richard J., The Challenge of the Disciplined Life: Christian Reflections on Money, Sex Power (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1985), pp 260. The Background Information on the Author Richard J. Forster is an author in the Quaker tradition of several bestselling books, including Celebration of Discipline, Streams of Living Water, and Prayer, which was Christianity todays book of the Year and the winner of the Gold Medallion Award from the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. He has been a professor at Friends University and pastor of Evangelical Friends churches. He is also the founder of Renovarà © (Renovarà © exits to inspire and support people in developing an integrated and fulfilled life as a disciple of Jesus Christ). He was married to Carolynn in 1967 and has two children, Joel and Nathan and they now reside in Denver, Colorado. The Summary of Content As it is revealed in the title, the three issues are concepts that humankind has come together with them for a long. There are no more words that can be explained than these three words exactly and clearly. No one cannot be free and confidence in front of these words in this world. It might be tied to all three issues or some people might show their weaknesses in particular one. Then now, let us have a look at three religious points of view that what Richard Forster is trying to say. Money First, the Mammon which is the material idol that it is frequently discussed with God. The bible declares the money as a Mammon, gives a spiritual and personal quality, and gives adjective unrighteous (Luke 16:9) in front of money. The money to Jesus Christ means it is idolatry that we must turn against for heading toward him because the money decisively has almightiness upon us. Thus, the bible does not only criticise about unrighteous money, but also gives a strict warning to people who gained riches earnestly such as a rich man (Luke 16:19~31) in the parable of the Rich man and Lazarus and a rich farmer (Luke 12:13~21) who might have been honest and hard working. The author prescribes about the money that money is spiritual being and describes about light and dark side of money. It does not simply describe superficially, but it is speaking realistically in the biblical aspect. He emphasises to use money for a purpose of the kingdom of God rather than simply running away from it. To use money rather than served. It is emphasised mastering against money. Then, what can we do in regard to control and master against the money? It will have to learn to control money throughout giving which is insulting behaviour about money. The light side of money presents Gods grace and surprisingly, this is the way of improving relationship between God and us. God said that use worldly wealth to gain friends (Luke 16:9). We have to know about the poisonous matter of money clearly. However, we have to conquer money and use it for the uneconomic purpose rather than refusing money. Sex Second, it is the period of overflowing of sex without asking questions nowadays. There is no place anywhere in the street for our eyes because of every kind sex appeal as well as TV and Internet. The author says that the issue of our times these days is not because of too much emphasis on sex, but on the contrary, it is caused by not to be emphasised enough to deal with sex. It is a matter of course that the sex can destroy us if not to be careful and moderate by its characteristic. However, we miss blessing of sex, which is given to us as a gift due to our distortional eyes. The sex, which is not the enemy of Spirituality is a friend. The Genesis admits our sex, and the Song of Songs blesses it. However, the sin has distorted the sex. Therefore, the Christians challenge is to straighten our understanding of sex and transpose into the perfect appearance of sex throughout distortional appearance of sex. The principle of marriage in accordance with Gods will, should look out for other peoples happiness and ourselves, and contribute to building the kingdom of God on this world. The sex is a great and blessed gift in all respects those who married. Power Finally, he is saying about the power. As is generally known that the money is like power in this world, and the money, power and sex is all related to the corruption deeply. The power of the world appears destruction of the relationship due to distinction between the strong and the weak. This destructive power cut off the equal relationships and it appears that one human being reigns over one another. On the other hand, the creative power is completed from serving that we discover the creativity from the example of Jesus, who personally served to die for us. The creative power which recovers broken relationships and raises up each other, is displayed from the aspect of serving. On the positive side, the creative power gives life, joy and peace. It is freedom and not bondage, life and not death, transformation and not coercion. The creative power is spiritual and the power proceeds from God. Evaluation Does the author deal with both positive and negative side of issue? The author is saying both sides about the money and power. In respect of the power, he looks upon the creative power as positive side. What is the unique, important and interesting point of this book? First, the unique point is that it is saying about the money, sex and power. There are no more words that can be explained than these three words exactly and clearly. That is why this book is interesting. Who should read this book and what concepts of this book can be applied to ministry? The money, sex and power is important and meaningful theme that it is not only Christian but also all people. Christian may feel like a taboo about these three concepts but cannot live without it. Richard Foster analyses the money, sex and power which gives people a meaning and delivers Gods messages clearly. Conclusion We are occasionally living under the many temptations, and sometimes we are not aware that what it is right and wrong to be involved in a wave of the world and valves. Then most Christians reaction is one of two that either they forget the truth under the things of the world, or they treat things as corruption and evil and strongly deny them. For this reason, the author Richard Foster is deeply dealing with three areas which people easily fall into temptation that anyone is easy to commit a sin. The money and power is all given from God and these are neither good nor bad. However, there are surely two different sides on them. It is hard to agree with, but there must be evil force in there. By knowing this matter, when using good side, we could use money and power wisely that is given to us. The only sex has no evil part. This is Gods blessing to permit to us. However, it is feeling that many people give a too much meaning and concentrate on having a sex or not because the Satan may probably be interested in deteriorating our gift which is given from God. The money, sex and power, these three issues will be important value to control us. The money threatens a pocket, the sex threatens a bedroom and the power threatens our relationships. In this period of temptation that it is never discerned what is right and wrong, this book is useful and necessary indeed.